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Neotantra

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Neotantra, navatantra (<a href="Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: नव, nava 'new'), or tantric sexuality is a Western <a href="New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">new religious movement</a> influenced by the <a href="Eastern_esotericism" title="Eastern esotericism">Eastern esoteric</a> spiritual traditions of <a href="Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

Rooted in elements of <a href="Tantras_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantras (Hinduism)">Hindu</a> and <a href="Tibetan_tantric_practice" title="Tibetan tantric practice">Buddhist tantras</a>, neotantra blends <a href="New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a> interpretations with modern Western perspectives, often emphasizing the sexual aspects of these ancient traditions. While some proponents reference traditional texts and principles,&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdier2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-1">[1]</a>&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1991[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-2">[2]</a> many utilize tantra as a broader term encompassing <a href="Sacred_sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred sexuality">sacred sexuality</a>, occasionally incorporating unconventional practices. However, neotantra does not always adhere to the complete range of <a href="Tantra" title="Tantra">Indian tantric practices</a>, particularly the reliance on a <a href="Guru" title="Guru">guru</a>.

The perception of Tantra in the West has evolved, deviating from its original traditions. Initially seen as a "cult of ecstasy",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrban2003204–205-3">[3]</a> it has come to be associated with "spiritual sex" or "sacred sexuality",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrban2003204–205-3">[3]</a> wherein sexual experiences are considered sacred acts capable of elevating participants spiritually. This shift in understanding has grown alongside the increased interest in Tantra in Western culture, often emphasizing its sexual components. Key figures such as <a href="Sir_John_George_Woodroffe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John George Woodroffe">Sir John George Woodroffe</a>, <a href="Pierre_Bernard_(yogi)" title="Pierre Bernard (yogi)">Pierre Bernard</a>, and <a href="Bhagwan_Shree_Rajneesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh">Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh</a> have played pivotal roles in popularizing these ideas. Criticisms and debates exist, with some scholars highlighting the potential for misinterpretation and the blending of Tantric principles with Western attitudes towards pleasure and spirituality. Despite these debates, neotantra continues to evolve, creatively integrating aspects of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Western culture.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Practitioners">Practitioners</h2></div>

Sir <a href="John_Woodroffe" title="John Woodroffe">John George Woodroffe</a>, also known by his pseudonym Arthur Avalon, was a British <a href="Oriental_studies" title="Oriental studies">Orientalist</a> whose work helped to unleash in the West a deep and wide interest in <a href="Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Hindu philosophy</a> and <a href="Yoga" title="Yoga">Yogic practices</a>. Alongside his judicial duties he studied <a href="Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> and <a href="Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Hindu philosophy</a> and was especially interested in Hindu <a href="Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a>. He translated some twenty original Sanskrit texts and published and lectured prolifically on <a href="Indian_philosophy" title="Indian philosophy">Indian philosophy</a> and a wide range of <a href="Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a> and Solo Tantra topics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahadevan1974iii-4">[4]</a> Woodroffe's The Serpent Power – The Secrets of Tantric and Shaktic Yoga, is a source for many modern Western adaptations of <a href="Kundalini_yoga" title="Kundalini yoga">Kundalini yoga</a> practice. It is a philosophically sophisticated commentary on, and translation of, the Satcakra-nirupana ("Description of and Investigation into the Six Bodily Centres") of Purnananda (dated around AD 1550) and the Paduka-Pancaka ("Five-fold Footstool of the Guru"). The term "Serpent Power" refers to the <a href="Kundalini_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kundalini energy">kundalini</a>, an energy said to be released within an individual by meditation techniques.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodroffe1974313-5">[5]</a>

<a href="Pierre_Bernard_(yogi)" title="Pierre Bernard (yogi)">Pierre Bernard</a> was a pioneering American <a href="Yogi" title="Yogi">yogi</a>, scholar, occultist, philosopher, mystic, and businessman. He claimed to have traveled to <a href="Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> and <a href="Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> before founding the Tantrik Order of America in 1905.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStirling20067-6">[6]</a> He eventually expanded to a chain of tantric clinics in places such as <a href="Cleveland%2C_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland</a>, <a href="Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, and <a href="New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. Bernard is widely credited with being the first American to introduce the philosophy and practices of <a href="Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a> and <a href="Tantra" title="Tantra">tantra</a> to the American people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStirling20067-6">[6]</a> Many teachers of this version of tantra believe that sex and sexual experiences are sacred acts, which are capable of elevating their participants to a higher spiritual plane.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStubbs1992[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-7">[7]</a> They often talk about raising <a href="Kundalini_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kundalini energy">Kundalini</a> energy,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite197927–47-8">[8]</a>&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrostFrost1989[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-9">[9]</a> worshiping the divine feminine and the divine masculine, activating the <a href="Chakras" class="mw-redirect" title="Chakras">chakras</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaraswatiAvinasha198777–90-10">[10]</a>

Guru <a href="Osho_(Bhagwan_Shree_Rajneesh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Osho (Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh)">Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh</a>, later known as Osho, used his version of tantra in combination with breathing techniques, bio-energy, yoga, and <a href="Tantric_massage" title="Tantric massage">massage</a> in some of the groups at his ashram. He is the author of many books on meditation, <a href="Taoism" title="Taoism">taoism</a>, <a href="Buddhism" title="Buddhism">buddhism</a>, and <a href="Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mysticism</a>, and at least six on tantra. One of them is Tantra, The Supreme Understanding, in which he unpacks the verses of the "Song of Mahamudra", by <a href="Tilopa" title="Tilopa">Tilopa</a>. In addition out of his discourses on the Vigyan Bhiarav (or Vijnaya-bhairava), the 112 practices for enlightenment resulted in the much longer The Book of Secrets.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsho1998[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-11">[11]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticisms">Criticisms</h2></div>

<a href="Georg_Feuerstein" title="Georg Feuerstein">Georg Feuerstein</a>, a German Indologist who also trained in tantra, writes in the epilogue of his book Tantra: Path of Ecstasy:

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Many are attracted to Neo-Tantrism because it promises sexual excitement or fulfillment while clothing purely genital impulses or <a href="Neuroticism" title="Neuroticism">neurotic</a> emotional needs in an aura of spirituality. If we knew more about the history of Tantra in India, we would no doubt find a comparable situation for every generation." He goes on to say, "Today translations of several major Tantras are readily available in book form... This gives would-be Tantrics the opportunity to concoct their own idiosyncratic ceremonies and philosophies, which they can then promote as Tantra.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeuerstein1998271-12">[12]</a>

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Responding to criticism of modern Western Tantra, <a href="Geoffrey_Samuel" title="Geoffrey Samuel">Geoffrey Samuel</a>, a historian of Indian and Tibetan Tantra writes:

<blockquote class="templatequote">'Tantra' as a modern Western sexual and spiritual practice, however complex and contested its origins in Asia, was and is more than a fringe phenomenon of the 1960s and 1970s counterculture. On the contrary, it took up themes of considerable depth and significance within Western culture, and synthesized them creatively with borrowings from Buddhist and Hindu sources. Its slow but steady growth since the 1970s suggests that its potential has not yet been exhausted, and I would contend that to dismiss it as an empty and superficial expression of the “spiritual logic of late capitalism” is to miss the possibility of a development of real value.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESamuel2017360-13">[13]</a> </blockquote>

According to author and critic of religion and politics Hugh Urban:

<blockquote class="templatequote">Since at least the time of <a href="Agehananda_Bharati" title="Agehananda Bharati">Agehananda Bharati</a>, most Western scholars have been severely critical of these new forms of pop Tantra. This "California Tantra" as <a href="Georg_Feuerstein" title="Georg Feuerstein">Georg Feuerstein</a> calls it, is "based on a profound misunderstanding of the Tantric path. Their main error is to confuse Tantric bliss [...] with ordinary orgasmic pleasure".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrban2003204–205-3">[3]</a></blockquote>

Urban says he does not consider this wrong or false, but "simply a different interpretation for a specific historical situation."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrban2003204–205-3">[3]</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chuluaqui-Quodoushka" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuluaqui-Quodoushka">Chuluaqui-Quodoushka</a> – American pretendian and New Age figurePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</li>

<li><a href="Edging_(sexual_practice)" title="Edging (sexual practice)">Edging</a> – Orgasm control technique</li>

<li><a href="Erotic_massage" title="Erotic massage">Erotic massage</a> – Massage of erogenous zones for sexual arousal or orgasm</li>

<li><a href="Coitus_reservatus" title="Coitus reservatus">Karezza</a> – Sexual practice</li>

<li><a href="Eroto-comatose_lucidity" title="Eroto-comatose lucidity">Eroto-comatose lucidity</a> – Sex magic technique</li>

<li><a href="Neoshamanism" title="Neoshamanism">Neoshamanism</a> – New forms of shamanism</li>

<li><a href="Plastic_shaman" title="Plastic shaman">Plastic shaman</a> – Fraudulent spiritual practitioner</li>

<li><a href="Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a> – Magic involving sexual activity</li>

<li><a href="Venus_Butterfly" title="Venus Butterfly">Venus Butterfly</a> – Sexual technique</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdier2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdier2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOdier2004">Odier 2004</a>, p. .

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1991[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh1991[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSingh1991">Singh 1991</a>, p. .

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrban2003204–205-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrban2003204–205_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrban2003204–205_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrban2003204–205_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrban2003204–205_3-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFUrban2003">Urban 2003</a>, pp. 204–205.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahadevan1974iii-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahadevan1974iii_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMahadevan1974">Mahadevan 1974</a>, p. iii.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodroffe1974313-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodroffe1974313_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWoodroffe1974">Woodroffe 1974</a>, p. 313.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStirling20067-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStirling20067_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStirling20067_6-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFStirling2006">Stirling 2006</a>, p. 7.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStubbs1992[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStubbs1992[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStubbs1992">Stubbs 1992</a>, p. .

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite197927–47-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite197927–47_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhite1979">White 1979</a>, pp. 27–47.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrostFrost1989[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrostFrost1989[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrostFrost1989">Frost & Frost 1989</a>, p. .

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaraswatiAvinasha198777–90-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaraswatiAvinasha198777–90_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSaraswatiAvinasha1987">Saraswati & Avinasha 1987</a>, pp. 77–90.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsho1998[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsho1998[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsho1998">Osho 1998</a>, p. .

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeuerstein1998271-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeuerstein1998271_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFeuerstein1998">Feuerstein 1998</a>, p. 271.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESamuel2017360-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESamuel2017360_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSamuel2017">Samuel 2017</a>, p. 360.

</li>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFFeuerstein1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Georg_Feuerstein" title="Georg Feuerstein">Feuerstein, Georg</a> (1998). Tantra: The Path of Ecstasy. Boston: <a href="Shambhala" title="Shambhala">Shambhala</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFFrostFrost1989" class="citation book cs1">Frost, Gavin; Frost, Yvonne (1989). Tantric Yoga: The Royal Path to Raising Kundalini Power. <a href="Samuel_Weiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Weiser">Samuel Weiser</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMahadevan1974" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mahadevan, T. M. P. (1974). "Foreword". In Avalon, Arthur (ed.). Garland of Letters (6th ed.). Ganesh and Company Madras.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFOdier2004" class="citation book cs1">Odier, Daniel (2004). Yoga Spandakarika: The Sacred Texts at the Origins of Tantra.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFOsho1998" class="citation book cs1">Osho (1998). The Book of Secrets: Keys to Love and Meditation. St. Martin's Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0312180584</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSamuel2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Geoffrey_Samuel" title="Geoffrey Samuel">Samuel, Geoffrey</a> (2017). Tantric Revisionings, New Understandings of Tibetan Buddhism and Indian Religion. Routledge. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1138264847</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSaraswatiAvinasha1987" class="citation book cs1">Saraswati, Sunyata; Avinasha, Bodhi (1987). Jewel in the Lotus: The Sexual Path to Higher Consciousness. Kriya Jyoti Tantra Society.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSingh1991" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Jaideva (1991). The Yoga of Delight, Wonder, and Astonishment, A Translation of the Vijnaya-bhairava. <a href="Motilal_Banarsidass" title="Motilal Banarsidass">Motilal Banarsidass</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFStirling2006" class="citation book cs1">Stirling, Isabel (2006). Zen Pioneer: The Life & Works of Ruth Fuller Sasaki. Counterpoint. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1593761707</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFStubbs1992" class="citation book cs1">Stubbs, Kenneth Ray (1992). Sacred Orgasms.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFUrban2003" class="citation book cs1">Urban, Hugh (2003). Tantra: Sex, Secrecy Politics, and Power in the Study of Religions. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-520-23062-0</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/56028449">56028449</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWhite1979" class="citation book cs1">White, John, ed. (1979). Kundalini: Evolution and Enlightenment. Paragon House.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWoodroffe1974" class="citation book cs1">Woodroffe, Sir John (1974). The Serets of Tantric and Shaktic Yoga. New York: Dover Publications.</cite></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Margot_Anand" title="Margot Anand">Anand, Margot</a> (1996) The Art of Sexual Magic.</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFAnand2003" class="citation book cs1">Anand, Margot (2003). The New Art of Sexual Ecstasy. New York: <a href="HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFAvinasha2003" class="citation book cs1">Avinasha, B. (2003). The Ipsalu Formula – A Method for Tantra Bliss. <a href="Valley_Village%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley Village, Los Angeles, California">Valley Village, Los Angeles, California</a>.: Ipsalu Publishing.</cite></li>

<li>Douglas, Nik (1997) Spiritual Sex: Secrets of Tantra from the Ice Age to the New Millennium. New York: <a href="Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>.</li>

<li>Douglas, Nik; <a href="Penny_Slinger" title="Penny Slinger">Slinger, Penny</a> (1979). Sexual Secrets: The Alchemy of Ecstasy. New York: Destiny Books, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0892810106</bdi></li>

<li>Eden, Donna, Feinstein, D., & <a href="Caroline_Myss" title="Caroline Myss">Myss, Caroline</a> (1999) Energy Medicine. New York: <a href="Tarcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarcher">Tarcher</a>/<a href="G._P._Putnam's_Sons" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">G. P. Putnam's Sons</a>.</li>

<li>Gerber, R. (2001) Vibrational Medicine. <a href="Rochester%2C_Vermont" title="Rochester, Vermont">Rochester, Vermont</a>: <a href="Bear_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear & Company">Bear & Company</a>.</li>

<li>Goodchild, V. (2001) Eros and Chaos: The Sacred Mysteries and the Dark Shadows of Love. <a href="York_Beach%2C_Maine" title="York Beach, Maine">York Beach, Maine</a>: Nicolas Hays.</li>

<li>Lacroix, Nitya (2003) Kama Sutra: A Modern Guide to the Ancient Art of Sex.</li>

<li>Muir, Charles; Muir, Caroline (1990) Tantra: The Art of Conscious Loving, Mercury House Publishers.</li>

<li>Odier, D. (2001). Desire: The Tantric Path to Awakening. Rochester, Vermont: <a href="Inner_Traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner Traditions">Inner Traditions</a>, 2001.</li>

<li><a href="Osho_(Bhagwan_Shree_Rajneesh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Osho (Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh)">Osho Rajneesh, B. S.</a> (1975) Tantra, The Supreme Understanding.</li>

<li>Osho Rajneesh, B. S. (1976) Meditation: The Art of Ecstasy. New York: <a href="Harper_and_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper and Row">Harper and Row</a>, 1976.</li>

<li>Osho Rajneesh, B. S. (1976) The Tantra Experience: Discourses on the Royal Song of Saraha (2 volumes). <a href="Cologne%2C_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cologne, Germany">Cologne, Germany</a>: Rebel Publishing Company.</li>

<li>Ramsdale, David; Gentry, Cynthia W. (2004) Red Hot Tantra: Erotic Secrets of Red Tantra for Intimate, Soul-to-Soul Sex and Ecstatic, Enlightened Orgasms, Quiver Publishing.</li>

<li><a href="Satyananda_Saraswati" title="Satyananda Saraswati">Saraswati, Satyananda</a> (2003) Kundalini Tantra. Munger, India: Yoga Publications Trust.</li>

<li>Sarita, M. A.; Geho, S. A. (2001) Tantric Love. New York: Simon & Schuster.</li>

<li>Stubbs, K. R. (1999) The Essential Tantra: A Modern Guide to Sacred Sexuality. New York: Tarcher/Putnam.</li></ul>

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